The European Social Survey (ESS) Value scale is adopted from Shalom H. Schwartz work on what he calls “Basic Human Values.” The pdf image attached here is Schwartz Portrait Values Questionnaire (PVQ). It was developed alongside three other related instruments in response to the absence in the social sciences agreed-upon understanding of “Basic values, of the content and structure of relations among these values, and of reliable methods to to measure them.” The theory underlying the ESS Human Values Scale (and Schwartz’s other instruments) posits “10 motivationally distinct values.”
Category: Cognitive Analysis
Flower, Linda and John Hayes. “The Pregnant Pause: An Inquiry into the Nature of Planning.” Research in the Teaching of English 15.3 (1981): 229-243.
Odell, Lee and Dixie Goswami. “Writing in a Non-academic Setting.” Research in the Teaching of English. 16.3 (1982): 201-223
The authors work inside of generic bounds to get at the choices people make during drafting. They go through people’s writing and look for instances of people using “dear_______”(generic elements of language)… here you say dear ____, in other places you say _______; would you change it to these other things, why or why not? This is one of the most sophisticated methods in writing research.
Data Database 